|
Berber orthography is the orthography of Berber languages. Most Berber languages were originally unwritten, preserved through oral use in rural areas, isolated from urban hubs.〔 Berber scholars (like Al-Youssi and Al-Mokhtar Soussi) wrote in the more prestigious Arabic language, rather than their vernacular.〔 Currently there are three writing systems in use for Berber languages: the Berber Latin alphabet, Tifinagh, and the Arabic script. Different groups in North Africa have different preferences of writing system, often motivated by ideology and politics.〔 ==Tifinagh== Neo-Tifinagh,〔Linguists and historians tend to be specific in distinguishing between the millennia-old Berber abjad used by the Tuareg to a limited extent and found in some historical engravings and which is 'Tifinagh'; and the 'Neo-Tifinagh' alphabet which is based on the abjad but marks vowels and distinguishes more consonants. The Neo-Tifinagh script was developed and computerized in the 20th century mainly by Moroccan and Algerian researchers, some of whom were based in Europe. It has been used since the early 1970s in Berber publications, see .〕 a resurrected version of an alphabetic script found in historical engravings, is currently the de jure writing system for Tamazight in Morocco. The script was made official by a Dahir of King Mohammed VI, based on the recommendation of IRCAM.〔 It was recognized in the Unicode standard in June 2004. Tifinagh was chosen to be official after consideration of its univocity (one sound per symbol, allowing regional variation〔), economy, consistency, and historicity. Significantly, Tifinagh avoids negative cultural connotations of the Latin and Arabic scripts. Tifinagh is preferred by young people as a symbol of identity and has popular support.〔 It is especially popular for symbolic use, with many books and websites written in a different script featuring logos or title pages using Neo-Tifinagh. However, until recently virtually no books or websites were published in this alphabet, with activists primarily favoring Latin scripts for serious usage. Tifinagh has been criticized for not being practical to implement, as well as being Kabyle-centric and not historically authentic. Following the Tifinagh Dahir road signs were installed in the Riffian city of Nador in Arabic and Tifinagh, but these were removed by security forces in the middle of the night soon after.〔 The Moroccan state arrested and imprisoned people using this script during the 1980s and the 1990s, but currently Morocco is the only country in which Tifinagh has official status. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Berber orthography」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|